Ultra high frequency device with conical collector



Dec. 19, 1944. E. MOUROMTSEFF ETAL ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICE WITH CONICAL COLLECTOR Original Filed Oct.

INVENTOR 1. 2 MWMI'JEFF' ATTORNEY Reissues! Dec. 19, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY DEVICE WITH .CONICAL COLLECTOR Ilia E. Mouromtsefl, Moutclair, and George M, Dlnnick, Bloomfield, N. .I., assignors to West inghouse Electric a Manufacturing Company, East-Pittsburgh, Po... a corporation of Pennsyl- Origina'l No. 2,295,680, dated September 15, 1942,

Serial No. 362,776, October 25, 1940. Applicatlon for reissue April 24, 1943. Serial No.- 484,440

7 Claims. 1 (Cl. 315-6) Our invention relates to ultra-highfrequency apparatus, and especially to apparatus utilizing a hollow body resonator.

Recent developments in'ultra-high frequency apparatus have included the type utilizing a hol-' low body resonator. The form of hollow body resonator found especially suitableyhas been that of two closely spaced perforated surfaces forming the central portion of a doughnut shaped container. One of the forms of this type of hollow body resonator has been put on the market, and

- designated by the trade name of Rhumbatron.

A combination of two of these Rhumbatrons has been utilized between a cathode and a "collector, in which the first hollow body resonator is utilized to bunch the stream of electrons from the cathode, and the second hollow body resonator is utilizedthroughout to absorb energy from the bunched electron stream, and has been called a "catcher." The energy absorbed by the second hollow body resonator is, of course, fed into a suit- 895, and in Serial No. 360,366, filed October 9,

1940, for Tuning device," now Patent No. 2,263,- 184, of November 18, 1941.

It is one of the objects of our present invention to improve the operation and the efficiency of means for concentrating the electron stream to Other obiects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawing in which:

Figure 1 is a eross'section through a preferred embodiment of our invention.

Figure-2 is a sectional view on lines 11-11 of Figure 1.

, of electrons thereon and the extent and slope of th s surface is such that the electrons cannot con- 1 In Figure 1 we have disclosed our discharge device especially adapted to produce ultra-high frequencies. We provide at one end of such a tube a cathode i0, whichds preferably in the form of a slotted plate with bent back full ends I l and I2, connected to two conductors l3 and i4, sealed through a press ii of insulation, preferably of borosilicate glass. The insulation. forming this press is preferably of a re-entrant shape, having its cylinder edge It sealed to a cylinder ll. This metal cylinder may be of copper or a nickelcobalt-iron alloy known under trade name of .Kovar." This cylinder encloses the cathode and inside this cylinder, we preferably provide a smaller cylinder I8 of molybdenum or nickel. This cylinder has an independent lead i9 sealed through the press I5, and a voltage in the neighborhood of 100 volts is applied to this cylinder, l8 in order to concentrate the electron stream and direct it towards the other end of the enclosing cylinder i'l.

The other end of this cylinder i1 is attached,

as by welding, brazing or-soldering, or may be integral with the upper central rim 20 of a doughnut shaped hollow body 2|. 'This hollow body has a. central rim 22, slightly spaced from the upper central rim 20. Preferably these rims 20 and 22 are spaced approximately at thevertical axis of the hollow body 2i. 1

A perforated plate 23 extends across this 20 and a similar plate 24 extends across the space formed by the rim 22. A second cylinder 25 is attached tothe rim 22, and extends to a rim 26 of a second hollow body resonator 21, similar in form to that of 2i and having a central rim 28 likewise spaced slightly from the rim 26 and a perforated plate 29 extending across the rim 28 having a similar rim 30 extending across the rim 28.

An enclosure 3| surrounds the openings in the perforated plate 30. This enclosure is preferably conical in form with gently tapered sides extending to an apex 32. This conical enclosure 3i with its base enclosing the openings 30, acts as the electroncollector of the discharge device.

The gently tapered sides of the conical collector provide an extended surface for the impingement centrate upon one localspot and overheat. Fur-- thermore the electrons hit the sides of the collector at such a very acute angle that secondary or reflected primary electrons will continue on towards the apex 32 and will not interfere with electrons emerging from the exit opening 30.

The cooling means 33 may be applied to this collector in the form of the cooling, coils illustrated, or a cooling blast of air may be directed thereon from any suitable fan and conduit.

In order to efllciently tune the combination,

and 48. as well as 45 IL Insulation I! is sealed to this copper shea and fills the open end of the cylinder extension the welding thereto of of these two: hollow body resonators, II and 21.

we prefer to-feed back energy from thesecond two electrodes. A loop- 85 .in the first resonator flange 31 sealed off with insulation 38. The other end. of this conductor 36 forms a loop is,

whose other end It is connected with the cy drical flange.

The resonator 31 has a similar loop ll, conductor 42, flange l3, insulation ll, loop I and end .48. These external loops is and" are preferably connected by a transmission line in the form of a flexible cylinder 41 with a central axial conductor 48 therethrough, with end loops 49 and 50 attached to the flexible cylinder 41. 1 The distance between the coupling loops II and ".is adjustable. and these. loops may be held in their adjusted position by any suitable supportlngmeans. The spacing between well as the length of the control the feed-back'line transmission line. will and its phase.

- resonator 21 to the resonator. Our invention specifically concerns making an adjustable external feed-back .arrangement between these tor adjacent thereto,

said resonator.

the external loops, as

The form of outputto an exterior transmission line or antenna, can be that shown in connection with the hollow body'res'onator. The form of output disclosed in the lower left hand portion of the second resonator is disclosed to illustrate l a possible variation in the form of transmission connections. This output connection is a loop Bl attached to the interior casing of the resonatorand has special advantages. This output connection -is a loop 5| attached to the interior casing of the resonator and has a central conductor II-passing axially through a cylindrical flange 5! of the resonator. The conducto I2 passing through this cylindrical flange it closed by a tightfitting cylinder copper sheath it. A concentric pipe tron line or antenna can be connected to the cylindrical flange i3 and the conductor 52.

The particular form of our discharge device permits the use of other materials besides that of .copper, which has heretofore been used in such construction. The hollow'body resonator can be made of cold rolled steel by symmetrical spinning or other similar strong material which permits resistance welding. In order to make the magnetic and high electrical resistivity of i this steel harmless, the current-carrying surfaces can be silver or copper plated. The vuse of cold rolledsteel'permits the flexing of the wallswithout damage.

If it is necessary to utilize adjusting means,' ,such as described in our copending application on Tuning device," above referred "to, the use of this'steel or other strong material permits portions of the casing of nickel-cobalt-iron alloy, sold under the trade name of Kovar," which is so successful in maintaining a vacuum-tight'seal with borosilicate glass. This alloy, sold under the trade name of "Kov'ar" is especially modifications may ferred embodiment illustrated on the drawing necessiadapted for ,the cylinderl1 and the circular flanges 31, 43 and II.

' It is apparent that many 1 be made in the particular form, structure and combination of the elements disclosed in the preand, accordingly. we desire only such limitations to be imposed upon our invention as is ing of said resonator having being conical in shape withits apex remote from said resonators.

'onators and outside Basso" i tated by .the. spirit and scope of the following 1 claims.

We claim:

1. A resonator structure comprising a hollow I body resonator having openings therethrough for the passage of electrons. and a hollow collecsaid collector being conical in shape with its apex at its end remote from for preventing lateral escape of electrons which pass through said exit openings.

4. A discharge device comprising a hollow body resonator having two and exit openings for the passage of electrons therethrou'gh and a collector about the exit opening having an electron receiving surface the part whereof in the straight forward path of electrons presents thereto at least twice greater area than the area of said exit opening.

5. A discharge device body resonator having two parallel spaced input and exit openings for the passage of electrons therethrough and a collector its sides constituting an electron-intercepting surface part nearest said openings forms an angle of incidence greater than 45 to the path of electrons emerging from saidresonator that the electrons arescattered over the surface of said collector and onrefiecting therefrom will continue in a generally forward direction.

6. Electron discharge device of said resonators insuccession, said means including a cathode positioned two resonators and outside the field of the first of said resonators, and a collector positioned on the other side of the field of the axial alinement second of said resonators and in with said cathode. said collector at its end '7. Electron discharge device first and second hollow resonators, each of said resonatorshaving two parallel spaced input and.

exit openings'ior the passage of electrons. the exit opening of said first resonator being spaced from the input opening of said second resonator by a distance at least as between the input'andexit openings of any one of said resonators, means for projecting a stream of electrons through the openings of said resonat "ors in succession, 'said' means including a cathode positioned on one side of said two res the fleld of the first of said resonators, and, a collector positioned on the other side of held of the second of said resonators and in axial alinement with said cathode, said collector being conical in shape with its apex at its end reand a conical electron completely surroundingthe exit openings in said hollow body resonator parallel spaced input comprising a hollow about the exit openof which the,

ononesideofsaid said two resonators and outside great as the distance said two resonators and outside the 

